The movie After was released on April 12, 2019.
Anna Todd's 2013 fan fiction After about the English boy band One Direction secured a book and movie deal with renamed characters in 2014. In order to not infringe on copyright issues, James changed the character names to Ana and Christian for the purposes of her novels, which is a practice known as 'pulling-to-publish'.
This series was originally written as fan fiction for the Twilight series of books and movies and played off the characters of Bella and Edward. One popular example of modern fan fiction is E.
The ability to self-publish fan fiction at an easily accessible common archive that did not require insider knowledge to join, and the ability to review the stories directly on the site, became popular quite quickly. In 1998, the not-for-profit site FanFiction.Net came online, which allowed anyone to upload content in any fandom. These archives were followed by non-commercial automated databases. The online archives were initially non-commercial hand-tended and fandom, or topic, specific. Online, searchable fan fiction archives were also established. In addition to traditional fanzines and conventions, Usenet group electronic mailing lists were established for fan fiction as well as fan discussion. According to one estimate, fan fiction comprises one-third of all content about books on the web. One scholar states that fan fiction "fill the need of a mostly female audience for fictional narratives that expand the boundary of the official source products offered on the television and movie screen." World Wide Web įan fiction has become more popular and widespread since the advent of the World Wide Web. Unlike other aspects of fandom, women dominated fan fiction authoring 83% of Star Trek fan fiction authors were female by 1970, and 90% by 1973. : 1 These fanzines were produced via offset printing and mimeography, and mailed to other fans or sold at science fiction conventions for a small fee to help recoup costs. The first Star Trek fanzine, Spockanalia (1967), contained some fan fiction many others followed its example. The modern phenomenon of fan fiction as an expression of fandom and fan interaction was popularized and defined via Star Trek fandom and their fanzines published in the 1960s. The Star Trek fanzine Spockanalia contained the first fan fiction in the modern sense of the term. The book also mentions that the term is "sometimes improperly used to mean fan science fiction, that is, ordinary fantasy published in a fan magazine".
It is defined there as "fiction about fans, or sometimes about pros, and occasionally bringing in some famous characters from stories". The term also appears in the 1944 Fancyclopedia, an encyclopedia of fandom jargon.
The term fan fiction has been used in print as early as 1939 in this earliest known citation, it is used in a disparaging way to refer to amateurish science fiction (as opposed to "pro fiction"). Fan fiction is often written and published within circles of fans, and therefore would usually not cater to readers who have no knowledge of the original fiction. Thus, what is " fanon" is separate from what is canon. įan fiction is defined by being related to its subject's canonical fictional universe, either staying within those boundaries but not being of the canon itself, or else branching outside of it into an alternative universe. The term came into use in the 20th century as copyright laws began to delineate between stories using established characters that were authorized by the copyright holder and those that were not. Copyright owners have occasionally responded with legal action. Attitudes of authors and copyright owners of original works to fan fiction have ranged from indifference to encouragement to rejection. It may infringe on the original author's copyright, depending on the jurisdiction and on legal questions such as whether or not it qualifies as " fair use" (see Legal issues with fan fiction). Common bases for fan fiction include novels, movies, musical groups, cartoons, anime, manga, and video games.įan fiction is rarely commissioned or authorized by the original work's creator or publisher and is rarely professionally published.
Fan fiction can be based on any fictional (and occasional non-fictional) subject. Fan fiction ranges from a couple of sentences to an entire novel, and fans can retain the creator's characters and settings and/or add their own. The author uses copyrighted characters, settings, or other intellectual properties from the original creator(s) as a basis for their writing. New Adventures of Alice (1917) by John Rae, an early pastiche or fan fictionįan fiction or fanfiction (also abbreviated to fan fic, fanfic, fic or FF) is fictional writing written in an amateur capacity by fans, unauthorized by, but based on an existing work of fiction.